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HIV and AIDS prevention is part of the biology class curriculum in junior high and high school in both France and the Congo. The teachers must not only present the scientific knowledge but also try to incite and convince the students to adopt certain preventive behaviours in terms of their own personal conduct. This places the teachers in the domain of having a health promotion and education role. How do teachers perceive this new role? What objectives and outcome measures have they set, and what kind of educational method do they intend to use to achieve them? Based on interviews conducted in the year 2000 of 25 teachers (12 in France and 13 in Congo-Brazzaville), a profile has been defined for each teacher based on an analysis of his/her responses with regard to their role in terms of health education and more specifically in relation to AIDS prevention. A number of questions and concerns emerged from this exercise, some of which were shared in common and others were clearly country-specific.